Brick-kiln



(No Model.)

' 3 sheets-sheet 2. J. NECZASEK.

BRICK XILN.

Patented Apr. 2l, 1891.

W/T/VESSES:

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. NEGZASEK.

BRICK KILN.

No. 450,772. Patented Apr. 21, 1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.IOSEPII NEO/ZASEK, OF GALESBURG, ILLINOIS.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 450,772, dated April2l, 1891.

Application tiled January 28,1891. Serial No. 379,434. (No model.)

.To @ZZ whom, t may cm1/cern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH NECZASEK, a citizen of Austria-Hungary,residing at Galesburg, in the county of Knox and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementin Brick-Kilns; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to brick-kilns, and mainly to what is known asthe permanent base of a brick-kiln, whereby is meant a system offurnaces, iiues, together with the floor, permanently arranged toreceive the pile of bricks to be burned, as contradistinguished from theordinary arrangementin which such fines, floors, tte., are formed fromthe bricks to be burned themselves.

It is the object of my present invention to so arrange these furnacesand ilues and to so construct the Hoor upon which the bricks to beburned are to be piled that the greatest economy of heat and of time iseffected, while at the same time the heat is evenly distributed over theentire inner space of the kiln so that the bricks will be evenly burnedthroughout said kiln. It is also my object to so arrange the floor thatthe kiln may be readily clean ed after the burning has been completedand before introducing a new set of green bricks to be burned.

For this purpose my invention consists essentially in providing thefloor of the kiln with preferably-slotted openings communieating withthe furnace or other source of heat distributed over the entire floorand at short intervals, which slotted openings are preferably arrangedin part directly over the fire-chambers or 'fire-boxes of the furnacesand in part form the exits ot' inclined ,or oblique ines extending fromboth sides of the furnaces; and my invention, moreover, consists in suchfurther features, details, and combinations of parts as will be setforth below and covered in the claims.

In the aceompanyingdrawings I have shown a brick-kiln embodying myinvention in what I consider its preferred form, though the same may begreatly modified without departing from my said invention.

In the drawings, Figure l represents a side elevation, partly invertical longitudinal section on line x, Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a sectionalplan of the same; Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section on line y Iy,Fig. 9; Fig. 4, a 'section on line .e s, Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a perspectiveview of a portion of the permanent base with parts broken away to morecompletely show the arrangement; Fi g. G, a vertical t 'ansverse sectionof a modified form of kiln.

In all the views the same characters of. refcrence are applied to thesame parts.

In the drawings, A represents the base of thekiln, and B B B 3 the wallsthereof, which walls are preferably strengthened in two opposite sidesby the piers b, and which may be further strengthened by props tocounteract the strain of the arched roof C, and the eX- pansive orbulging tendency of the flames in the kiln. The walls maybe furtherstrengthened by the tie-rods b passing through the length of the wallsI3 and anchor-plates h2, between which the walls are clamped at thecorners, and which are held in position by the nuts b3; or the tie-rodsmay be secu red in any other convenient or suitable manner.

I preferably arrange the permanent base A of the kiln entirely below thesurface of the ground, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 4, so as to leave thetop orfloor a thereof Hush with the same, so as to facilitate theintroduction of the green bricksinto thekiln and the removal of the,burned bricks therefrom through the doorway B2 by trucks, wheelbarrows,or otherwise. It is in the peculiar construction of this base A in whichmy invention mainly resides. I preferably arrange a number of furnaceson two opposite sides of the base and located entirely within the kilnand below the kiln propcrAthereof. The furnaces on the opposite sidesare separa-tod by the partitions D of brick or other masonry extendingthe entire length of the base, as shown, and the furnaces on the sameside of the base are separated by the thick partitions D2, also ofmasonry.

rlhe partition-walls D, which are preferably reduced near the top, asshown at di, are of great importance,inasmuch as they prevent the draftfrom passing through the two abutting furnaces, which would seriouslyin- IOO 'terfere with their operation and the generation of the properamount of heat in thekiln,v

especially when sudden gusts of wind should strike the same from one orthe other side. These furnaces are formed by the vaulted or archedpassages d, divided at a suitable point by the grates d into acombustionchambel' or fire-box and an ash-pit and airinlet d2. areformed in an enlarged or re-enforced portion b4 of the walls B,in orderto add strength to the walls and to remove the furnace-doors awaysufficiently from the intense and de structive heat in the interior ofthe furnaces.

lThe part of the base A below the grates d may be constructed ofordinary brick, but all of the said base above said grates must be madeof iire-brick or other material sufficiently refractory to the intenseheat of the furnaces.

The heat and products of combustion are conducted directly from thefire-boxes into the kiln proper A through a series of straight flues andpassages,terminatingin preferably slotted exits distributed at smallintervals over the entire Hoor a of the kiln and preferably running indifferent directions, as shown.

, These passages and tlues extend through the top and both sides of eachof the arched passages d at short intervals lengthwise of the same, asshown best in Figs. l, 4, and 5. The vertical passages E are preferablyformed,` as shown, by the arrangement of tire-bricks e, laidtransversely across the vaulted passages (l `of the furnaces, andresting` on ledges e', as shown. The lateral iiues F extend from thefire-boxes or fire-chambers of the-furnaces through the side walls ofthe arched passages CZ, and their preferred arrangement is best shown inFigs. 1, 2, 4, and 5. These lateral ilues are inclined upwardly andpreferably also laterally inclined towardv the middle longitudinal lineof the kiln, so as to extend obliquely to the floor and preferablyterminate in enlarged and elongated slotted vexits f. It follows fromthe preferred arrangement of the iiues E and F and slotted exits Ef,that the tloorapresents the appearance of lattice-work, as best shown inFig. 2,

comprising transverse rows of longitudinallyarranged slots e alternatingwith transverse rows of diagonal slots f. The iiues F', extendving fromthe outer walls of the outermost f u rnaces, are, however, only upwardlyinclined and terminate in a single narrow slotf for each end wall B B',running preferably the entire length of the said end walls B B of thekiln-Hoor. I moreover preferably arrange upwardly but not laterallyinclined flues F2 in the side walls of the arched passages along theside walls B, as shown, which also terminate in the elongated exits f2.

It will be noted that the flues F F F all begin at a point about fromsix to eight inches above the grates d', so that they will not be chokedup by the fuell on the said grates.

The openings for the furnace-doors rlhis is clearly indicated in thedrawings in Figs. l, 3, 4, and 5.

In order to produce the proper draft, I provide the roof O, which may bearched or otherwise, with the draft-openings vents or chimneys c. Theselopenings are preferably arranged above points midway between adjoiningfurnaces, as the draft through 'the passages E might otherwise be sostrong as to interfere with the proper draft through the inclined fluesF. I also provide slotted openings c between the end walls B and theroof C, so as to insure a thorough circulation of hot gases from theslottedopenings f along these walls and promote the proper burning ofthe greenbricks arranged along these walls.

Inasmuch as the base A is entirely below the surface of the ground,-Iprovide ditches of proper dimensions, extending in front of thefurnace-doors to enable the stokers to attend to the same and largeenough to accomlnodate a. suitable supply of fuel.

In the top of the end walls I preferably arrange the ports or openingsH, which facilitate the escape of the moisture from the green bricks inthe first stages of the burning.

The operation of the kiln thus described will be manifest `from theforegoing. The bricks are conveyed into the kiln through the doorway B2and piled up in thesame in the usual or any desired manner, care beingtaken always that the exits or openings e, f, f', and f2 are in no wayobstructed. When the kiln has been charged, the doorway B2 is walled upin the usual way and the fires are started in the furnaces D. The heatedproducts of combustion now pass directly up from the fire-boxes throughthe vertical and inclined fines E and F, and are thoroughly and evenlydisseminated throughout the entire space of the kiln, whereby athoroughburning of all of the bricks is effected. The hot gases passing upthrough the slotted openings f and f2 from the inclined fiues F and F2,and along the walls of the kiln serve, to remove any chilling effectwhich the said walls might otherwise have on the bricks arranged intheir proximity, and therefore greatly assist the even burning of allthe bricks. My kiln thus solves two problems which have heretofore neverbeen solved together in any kiln within my knowledge-to Wit, the evenand sufficient burning of all the bricks and the greatest possibleeconomy of fuel and time.

Two plans of burning have heretofore been principally resorted to. Underthe first plan the fire was made directly under the bricks, which werearranged so as to form vaulted furnaces themselves. Under thisarrangement a great saving ofl time and fuel was ef.- fected, it istrue; but a great portion of the bricks was overburned, while thosearranged about the sides and top of the kiln were imperfectly burned.Under the second plan the fire-boxes and fire-chambers of the furnacesIOC IIO

IIS

were not arranged directly below the bricks, but partly outside of thekiln, and did not extend under the entire kiln. The heated gases wereconveyed into the kiln by indirect and tortuous passages and fines, andthereby pretty evenly distributed throughout the kiln; but under thismethod a great portion of the produced heat was dissipated in passingfrom the furnace to the kiln, and hence there resulted a great waste offuel and of time. Under my construction both of the advantages of thesetwo systems are united in one kiln without any of their drawbacks.v

*With my kiln I am able to burn two charges of green bricks in the timeand with the same amount of fuel needed under the best form of kilnknown to me to burn one charge.

Vhen the kiln has been in operation for from fifteen to twenty hours andthe moisture from the green bricks has passed off, the ports or openingsH are walled up and the burning is then continued to completion.

When the burning has'been completed, the doorway B2 is again opened andthe bricks are removed. The floor is then swept, and here anotheradvantage of my peculiarly-arranged base arises, inasmuch as all therubbish and dbris may be swept directly into the furnaces through theiiues e and f, and thence pass into the ash-pit d2, thereby obviatingthe necessity of carting off such rubbish through doorway I-I. Anothergreat economy in labor is thus effected. It will be noted, also, that myarrangement of the tlues E and F is such that they maybe easily cleaned,inasmuch as they are all without bends or elbows and eXn tend straightdown from the floor into the fire-boxes or fire-chambers of thefurnaces. The bricks e are preferably laid loosely on the ledges e, soas to be easily removed to obtain access to the furnaces below andreplaced When injured in any way.

In Fig. G I have shown a modified form of kiln, which vdiers from theone already described in dispensing with the grate's d in the furnacesand substituting in their stead a bank of bricks K, laid over thetransverse iron bars 7a, as shown. In this form the kiln may be used toburn with wood as a fuel, while the form of kiln shown in the remainingfigures is designed for burning coal.

The kiln represented in Fig. 7 also differs from that first described,in that the furnaces therein extend from one side only and entirelythrough the base. In other respects the construction is identical withthat already described.

VVhile I have herein shown the :door of a brick-kiln having rows oflongitudinally-a1`- ranged openings alternating with rows ofdiagonally-arranged openings, either alone or in connection with a roofprovided with vents between the rows of longitudinally-arrangedopenings, I do not wish to be understood as claiming such features inthis application, inasmuch as I propose to claim the same in myapplication, Serial No. 386,771, filed March 2S, 1891; nor do I desireto herein claim a kiln hav ingvfurnaces arranged directly below thelicor and provided with ledges, as c,in combination with bricks laidtransversely at intervals, either loosely or permanently, to formvertical openings between the furnace and the kiln, although thesefeatures are shown and described in this application, inasmuch as Ipropose to claim these also in the said other application.

It is manifest that the kiln hereinbefore described may be modified inmanyparticulars without departing from my invention. I do not,therefore, desire to be confined to the precise details shown anddescribed.

IVhat I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a brick-kiln, a base comprising a series of furnaces whosefire-chambers are arranged directly below the licor of the kiln andprovided with vertical flues extending directly upward to the floor andupwardly and inwardlyinclined fines extending obliquelyfroin both sidesof the furnaces to the door, substantially as set forth.

2. In a brick-kiln, a base comprising a series of furnaces arrangeddirectly below the fioor of the kiln, the outermost furnaces beingprovided at their outer walls with upwardly-inclined flues, incombination with a single nai row slot, as f', running along the endwalls of the kiln, substantially as set. forth.

3. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a base comprising a series offurnaces and upwardly-inclined fines for conveying the heated gases upalong two opposite walls of the kiln, of a roof having slots extendingalong the said walls, substantially as set forth.

et. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a base comprising furnacesand upwardly-inclined iiues extending from the outer walls of the outerfurnaces to a slotted exit running the length of two opposite walls, ofa roof having slotted openings over the aforesaid slot'- ted exits,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof Iafiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH NEGZASEK.

Witnesses: Y

E. B. CLARK, D. G. STUART.

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